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The cuneiform sign URU, is a relatively distinctive sign in the cuneiform sign lists; with its two verticals at the sign's right, and the central long horizontal stroke, it is not easily confused with other signs. It is commonly found in the intrigues of the 14th century BC Amarna letters since the letters often concern city-state locations, or surrounding regions or cities/towns. ''URU'' is also used in the Epic of Gilgamesh. The cuneiform sign is almost exclusively used as a sumerogram-(capital letter (majuscule)), and in the Akkadian language, it is the Akkadian for "ālu", ''city'', or ''town''.〔Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Glossary, pp. 119-145, ālu, p. 120.〕 The usage of ''URU'' in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' is only for sumerogram "URU", (11 times).〔Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Sign List, pp. 155-165, Sign No. 038, p. 155.〕 All uses in the Epic for ''URU'' are for various spellings of ''ālu'', and usually an added sign complement; there is one usage in the Epic of ''URU'' for the city Shuruppak: ''URU.Šu-ri-ip-pak,'' (Tablet XI 11).〔Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Index of Names, pp. 146-8, Šuruppak, p. 146.〕 ==References== *Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. ''The Amarna Letters.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. 393 pages.(softcover, ISBN 0-8018-6715-0) * Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Parpola, Simo, Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, c 1997, Tablet I thru Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp. 119–145), 165 pages. *Rainey, 1970. ''El Amarna Tablets, 359-379,'' Anson F. Rainey, (AOAT 8, ''Alter Orient Altes Testament 8'', Kevelaer and Neukirchen -Vluyen), 1970, 107 pages. File:VA 7442.jpg|Line art showing use of URU, line 5. (''Note: full-length middle, horizontal stroke''.) File:Amarna letter mp3h8879.jpg|EA 365, ''Reverse, bottom half''. Use of ''URU'' in 2nd line from bottom. (damaged or "not-clear" URU sign): ''"iš-tu URU-iYa-Pu-(ki)"'', ''"from City-YaPu-(yours)" (best sign ''URU''), 3rd line shown: ''"i-na'' URU-''Šu-na-ma-(ki)"'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「URU (Sumerogram)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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